It' we remove a given part of the sphere.let us say one-twentieth of the surface area, A B, and fill the aperture with a piece of white-hot iron, this will send heat to t, and the thermometer will rise, though not to the temperature of the iron, which, for the sake of illustration, we will call 2,400°. Suppose the temperature of the whole at first to be that of absolute cold or at the natural zero, and that the sphere is kept at that, whatever happens. The bulb is co iaīlackened in the same way.
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Inclosing a small thermometer at its center, t. Ments are fitted to register, The longer radiations in turnĬarefully covered with lampblack to enable it to absorb as many radiations as possible, and the inside of the sphere is These fall also on the eve and on the thermometer Rapid motions exist, which set the molecules of silver vibrating, and are registered by the photograph. As the high notes of a piano are caused by the rapid vibration of strings, and the low notes by comparatively slow ones, but the sound, whether acute or grave, is due to one thing-motion of the air so the miscalled “ chemical” or “actinic” rays, as well as those which the eye sees as blue, or green, or red, and those which the thermometer feels, are alfdue to one thing-motion of the ether. These vibrations are measurable with great accuracy (by processes of which an explanation would be here out of place), and are found to be extremely small in all cases, but to vary among themselves, somewhat as those coarser ones do which have been long known to produce sound. a light ray, or a heat ray there is nothing but radiant energy-motion of some kind, causing vibrations across space of something between us and the sun-something which, without understanding fully, we call” ether,” and which exists everywhere, even in the “ vacuum '' of a radiometer. Given in general terms, this may be said to be that there is, in reality, no such thing as a chemical ray.
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The results of old and modern investigations are now seen to point to one conclusion. In some text books yet in use, diagrams even are given to show the amount of chemical, light, and heat rays in the different parts of the spectrum but quite recently students of science arrived at a better understanding. Again, it seems at first that here is another kind still of radiation, causing heat, and which is distinct from that producing light, since one appears where the other does not. If, on tbe other hand, we take a delicate thermometer or II radiometer, and move it into successive parts of the spectrum formed by a prism, we find little effect in the blue, more in the yellow, still more in the orange, and as much or more quite beyond the red.
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This is when the instrument is directed full on the sun (not necessarily on its edge, as in a former experiment), and it would appear at first as if there must be in the white sunlight a special kind of rays, which produced not colors or vision, but chemical changes on the plate, printing there images of the slit, which were produced by something quite different from light.
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The photograph obtained with the salts of silver will fail altogether to reproduce the yellow part will show something of the green and nearly all of the blue while up in the violet end the picture is very clear, and beyond the violet, where to all appearance the spectrum has ended, a host of sharply-defined lines comes out on the plate from a region where the keenest eye sees nothing whatever. WHEN the spectrum is allowed to fall on a sensitive plate we can, as has been mentioned, obtain a photograph of it, but, unless special means are used.